Week 3: Steps of Concept Analysis
At the end of Week 4 your concept analysis is due. This discussion provides an opportunity to start this assignment.
Select a nursing concept, supported by a nursing theory, and address the following components included in a concept analysis:
• Definition of concept
• Identification of three attributes of the concept
• Description of one antecedent and one consequence of the concept
• Identification of at least one empirical referent
• Brief explanation of theoretical applications of the concept (How is the concept relevant to a nursing theory?)
This information does not have to be comprehensive but provides a foundation to the upcoming
assignment. Be sure to include scholarly references.
Search entries or author Filter replies by unread[Control]Unread Collapse replies Expand replies
Subscribed
Collapse SubdiscussionAdelaida Larduet Mayeta-Peart
Adelaida Larduet Mayeta-Peart
Jan 14, 2018Jan 14 at 11:25am
Manage Discussion Entry
Hi Professor Talley and colleagues,
Definition of concept: The concept this author has selected for analysis is caring. The caring concept is found in the nursing Theory of Human Caring, this Nursing Theory was developed by Jean Watson. According to Chamberlain College of Nursing (CCN) concept and theory analysis are dominant instruments that benefit and bring light to the nursing practice. There are eight steps to carry out when developing a concept analysis. These steps will be discussed by the writer during this discussion question.
The concept of interest for this discussion question is Caring. Caring and nursing are two terminologies that are impossible to be separated. According to Lindberg, Fagerstrȍm, Sivberg, & William (2014) caring is the basis of nursing and is firmly connected to ethos, whereas nursing primarily relates to actual work done by the nurses.
Caring is the core of nursing
and is closely connected to ethos, whereas nursing mainly
relates to the actual work done by the nurses
According to Lindberg, Fagerstrȍm, Sivberg, & William (2014) caring quality encompass respect for patient self-determination, practice aspect of nursing, caring relationships that nurses and patients establish and the health and wellness attitude. In other words, it is crucial in caring to have an understanding of the culture, attitude, variability, relationship, action and acceptance.
To provide a description of one antecedent and one consequence of the concept we could start by stating that nursing education is of paramount importance for the profession. The achievement of nursing accomplishments is a key antecedent for nursing. In order for a nursing student to become an RN the candidate ought to complete and be successful in completing nursing school as well as achieving passing scores on the board exam. The student nurse must fulfill a set of clinical practice hours in the clinical settings in which the student will achieve the necessary clinical skills where they will apply the theoretical content learnt in the classroom setting. Once the nursing student accomplishes the degree and becomes a professional registered nurse, and get a job, there is a necessary training period to confirm that this newly graduated nurse is self-sufficient, confident and has adequate skills that is safe to care for patients.
Identification of at least one empirical referent is how the concept of caring may be measured or assessed (CCN, 2017). Caring may be challenging to define and measure, since judgement and perception depends on both, the person providing and receiving the care. At the institution I currently work patient satisfaction is measured by a survey. This survey is mailed to patients at their home or by a telephone call survey after care is provided. This is a convenient tool that is able to set and maintain good quality standards within an institution.
There are many variations and perceptions of caring that may cause difficulties to explain in the sense of nursing, and can be perceived differently across cultures (Lindberg, Fagerström, Sivberg & Willman, 2014). This writer selected the concept of caring, focusing specifically on the care nurses provide to patients utilizing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.
References
Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2017). NR-501 Week 3 Development of Nursing Theory and Concept Analysis [Online lesson]. Talley, IL: DeVry Education Group
Lindberg, C., Fagerstrȍm, C., Sivberg, B., & William, A. (2014). Concept analysis: patient autonomy in a caring context, Journal of Advanced Nursing 70(10), 2208-2221. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/doi/10.1111/jan.12412/epdf (Links to an external site.)
Collapse SubdiscussionBrenda Talley
Brenda Talley
Jan 16, 2018Jan 16 at 4:25pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Adelaida, caring is certainly an important concept and is central to the experience of nursing! Watson’s theory of human caring will support your exploration of caring very well.
Possibly the most difficult aspect of a concept analysis is that of choosing an empirical referent.
In research, there are many surveys, tools, and “instruments” that are used to capture the presence of a concept. Sometimes quality measures can also capture the presence of a concept. However, while there may be an implication that a concept such as caring is involved, it may not specifically or precisely measure that concept in particular. Surveys such as the Patients’ Perspectives of Care Survey (HCAHPS) measures many aspects of the hospital experiences but not “caring” as we usually define it conceptually. It does measure the quality of interactions in terms of communication, attentiveness to needs (especially to pain management) and discharge education. while this may occur, perhaps more easily supported in a caring environment and in caring interactions, the survey does not actually measure caring as it is often defined in theory.
One of the major activities in research is to test the validity of a research “tool”…with the question being….does it measure what it is supposed to measure?
Fortunately, WE don’t have to do that. For example, Watson and associated developed a research tool which empirically measures caring as is defined in the theory of human caring (DiNapoli, Turkel, Nelson, & Watson, 2010).
How fortunate for us!
Reference
DiNapoli, P. P., Turkel, M., Nelson, J., & Watson, J. (2010). Measuring the Caritas Processes: Caring Factor Survey. International Journal for Human Caring 14(3), 15-20.
Collapse SubdiscussionAdelaida Larduet Mayeta-Peart
Adelaida Larduet Mayeta-Peart
Jan 16, 2018Jan 16 at 9:46pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Hi Professor Talley,
Thank you for your additions and insights made to my response on this week discussion questions, I appreciate your observations and recommendations.
According to Ozan, Okumus, & Lash (2015) even though caring might represent an empirical and challenging form of a concept analysis; as a nurse I strongly believe that caring and its monitoring is of crucial importance. Indeed, the theory of Watson’s Human Caring focuses on human and nursing paradigm, which affirms that a human being is unable to be cured as an object. It disputes on the contrary that a human being, whether male or female, is an element of his or her environment, essence, and the macro world. Environment is described in this theory as appropriate, pleasant, appealing, and peaceful and that caring is the moral optimal that encompasses mind-body-soul commitment with one another. Nursing, classified as a humanitarian science, also described as a career that carries out personal, scientific, ethical, and aesthetical practice. Watson’s caring theory focus on assuring equity and cooperation between health and disorder that a person experience.
Measuring and evaluating care, is of extreme importance and is needed for the improvement of care and satisfaction of patient needs, however it is an abstract action, since it is based on perceptions. According to Ozan, Okumus, & Lash (2015) the theory of Human Caring is people-oriented that acquires the distinct character of human virtue without compromising its mind-body spirit. The theory postulates that the highest and most powerful curative source in nursing care is love. Watson’s caring theory describes nursing as the process of human-to-human caring that encompasses four elementary ideas: healing processes, interpersonal maintenance of relationship, the caring moment, and awareness of healing. Caring involves being present, a detailed observant, conscious, and intentional.
Reference
Ozan, Y. D., Okumus, H., & Lash, A, A. (2015). Implementation of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: A Case Study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(1), 25-35. Retrieved from http://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/4-Lash%20-%20Original.pdf (Links to an external site.)
Collapse SubdiscussionBrenda Talley
Brenda Talley
Jan 17, 2018Jan 17 at 5:14pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Class, should we make a distinction between “care” and “caring”?
Why or why not?
Amanda Howell
Amanda Howell
Jan 18, 2018Jan 18 at 5:07pm
Manage Discussion Entry
I believe a distinction should be made between “care” and “caring.” The two words have differing meanings contextually, and to subsume one under the other would weaken the individual concepts. To “care” for somebody, in the verb tense of the word, constitutes simple tasks with the point being to make the person’s environment better. For nurses, such tasks include washing, feeding, medication administration or checking vital signs. “Caring” is an adjective describing a nurse’s attitude toward care. A “caring” nurse will develop a compassionate relationship with the patient, with a character of dignity, respect, and empathy (Coe & Fulton, 2016). A nurse can provide care for a patient without being caring. For example, I recently had a wound that needed to be attended to. The nurse practitioner I saw was able to care for the wound; she cleaned it, packed it, and prescribed medications and directions for care. However, she did not do so in a caring manner. She did not show empathy when I expressed pain from the procedure, and she did not respect me enough to explain what she was going to do before she did it.
References
Coe, D., & Fulton, J. (2016). Social arenas of caring practice. Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research, 11(1), 32-54.
Clarissa Smith
Clarissa Smith
Jan 18, 2018Jan 18 at 7:52pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Professor Talley and Class,
I believe that there should be a distinction between care and caring. A person may render care to someone and not be caring. On the other hand, a person can be caring without giving the proper care to patients. Although care and caring are supposed to be intertwined, in some instances they are not. While some nurses care for patients, others may simply be providing care because it is their job; not that they are caring. Care and caring have been inherently difficult concepts to define, but many believe that care is the central and unifying core of nursing itself. It is vital that nurses understand what care is and patients’ perception of what care means to them.
There is a difference between care and caring—good quality care is always important, but caring for patients is what they will really remember. Taking care of patients and caring for patients are not the same. Taking care of patients emphasizes objective professional care, such as the medical or psychological aspects of nursing. Caring for patients, on the other hand, is a humanistic way of interacting with patients that displays sincere care and concern for patients simply because they are human beings. Focus on patient-centered care necessitates adaptation to patient perceptions (Sossong & Poirier, 2013). It is during those caring moments that the transpersonal relationship between patient and nurse becomes clear.
Watson’s theory of human caring emphasizes the transpersonal relationships between patients and nurses (Watson, 2002). Patients are in various stages of illness and their perception of care and caring will be different versus what the nurse thinks or believes is care or caring. This is due to the needs of patients are different and is dependent upon what is occurring with the patient at that time. So, it is implicated that nurses across all medical disciplines must identify which aspects of caring are most important to patients at any given point in their disease process. According to Barnsteiner (2012), “Patient-centered care ensures the patient is at the center of the decision-making process and understands the plan of care that prevents errors from occurring”. Thus, it is essential to develop innovative strategies that can address the existing incongruence between patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of caring (Sossong & Poirier, 2013). Nurses must connect with patients on purpose to promote healing holistically. Then, nurses can develop interventions based on caring behaviors that are important to the patient.
References
Sossong, A., & Poirier, P. (2013). Patient and Nurse Perceptions of Caring in Rural United States. International Journal for Human Caring, 17(1), 79-85.
Watson, J. (2002). Assessing and measuring caring in nursing and health science. New York, NY: Springer
Barnsteiner, J. (2012). Quality and safety in nursing: A competency approach to improving outcomes. In G. &. Sherwood, Safety (pp. 149-169). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Collapse SubdiscussionMedinat Balogun
Medinat Balogun
Jan 19, 2018Jan 19 at 12:57pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Hello Dr. Talley and class,
Yes and no we can make a distinction between “Care” and “Caring”. Yes, we can make a distinction in the sense that I personally see caring as feeling and exhibiting concern /empathy for others. Caring is a feeling that requires for the participants to act on it. The best critical thinking nurse that provides the best care for their patients might not necessarily be caring, such nurse might lack the compassion/ empathy to providing care and that does not mean the patient will not receive a quality care. However, not showing empathy or compassion while providing care may demean the value of care provided. Caring has remained the art and science of nursing’s essence through time and into today’s practice. Understanding the concept of “care” helps to explain and assist in understanding how nursing is a caring job, and in providing care (Adams, 2016). I will also say No we cannot make a distinction because, providing care and caring go together and used in our daily practice. While most nurses by default provide care, it comes naturally because their line of responsibility dictates that they provide care to their patients, family and friends meeting all their basic needs, ranging from activities of daily living, to treating physical, safety and physiological needs. Providing care becomes part of a daily routine, and all these, they could easily achieve without being Caring I.e., without showing a caring attitude, emotion, feelings or empathy. Their uncaring attitude is masked by the excellent care they provide. For instance, in my unit, I work with quite a few seasoned nurses that are good in providing care but do not show any compassion/ caring towards the laboring patients. However, their level of commitment to providing care may make them come across as caring.
Reference
Adams, L. Y. (2016). The conundrum of caring in nursing. International Journal of Caring
Sciences, 9(1), 1-8
Brenda Talley
Brenda Talley
Jan 21, 2018Jan 21 at 1:55pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Most excellent distinction between the concepts Medinat! Evidence of scholarly thinking!
Collapse SubdiscussionShareese Johnson
Shareese Johnson
Jan 19, 2018Jan 19 at 11:53pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Hi Dr. Talley and Class,
Yes, I believe we should make a distinction between “care and “caring.” A substantial extent of our time in clinical practice is consumed with analyzing test results, collaborating with the interdisciplinary team and modifying patient orders. In addition to the previously mentioned tasks, we have to contend with executing the rising responsibility of electronic health records (EHR) and insurance demands. Recent studies indicated for every hour consumed on direct patient care, two added hours are consumed on EHR tasks. This sequence forms a considerable void between time dedicated to patients’ care versus the actual face-to-face time spent bonding with patients. The imposing dichotomy is although we have access to a spectrum of advanced electronic systems providing ways to care for patients, patients feel the most caring from the small things such as our presence, listening, or a kind word said. With this knowledge, it is evident there is a significant distinction between providing medical care and being more attentive to patients which are perceived as caring (Drutchas, 2017).
Reference
Drutchas, A. (2017). Eyelash: caring between the lines. Family Medicine, 49(8), 646. Retrieved from https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=125049015&site=eds-live&scope=site (Links to an external site.)
Brenda Talley
Brenda Talley
Jan 21, 2018Jan 21 at 1:56pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Someone once said (it could have been me…) that care is what we do and caring is who we are.
Well said Shareese!
Nuha Bakkal
Nuha Bakkal
Jan 20, 2018Jan 20 at 3:31pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Dr. Talley:
On the subject of caring, I do believe that there should be a distinction between care and caring. In an interesting article about in vitro fertilization (IVF), a study was conducted by adapting to Jean Watson’s caring theory into the nursing methods used by nurses who care for the women attempting to get pregnant. Studies show that women who undergo the IVF process and is not successful, will attempt the second time with high levels of stress and anxiety, putting them at risk for depression (Ozan & Okumus, 2017). The study was aiming to differentiate if it would made a difference whether the type of care provided by nurses would change the results of distress and anxiety. The results showed that, compared to the standard nursing care, women who received special nursing care based on Watson’s theory of caring (pre and post treatment assessments and procedural follow-ups), significantly reduced their anxiety and stress during the whole process. Furthermore, application of Watson’s theory of caring was the intervention used versus just regular “care” given by a nurse was the key. It is always pleasing to know that “difference in the anxiety level is not medicine-focused but is based on the human, improvement and love” (Ozan & Okumus, 2017, p.105).
References
Ozan, Y. D., & Okumus, H. (2017). Effects of nursing care based on Watson’s theory of human caring on anxiety, distress, and coping, when infertility treatment fails: A randomized controlled trial. Research & Development in Medical Education, 6(2), 95-109. doi:10.15171/jcs.2017.010
